The former player: 'I really wanted to continue playing'
Important note: This article includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby brought his career to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the sport, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I really wanted to carry on competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"That was difficult - I had to just accept the outcome and understand that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable attention on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the filming of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to connect with children in under-served communities and help them succeed both on the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is prepared to tell their story then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I need to take the bull by the horns and keep carrying this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022